Hawkgirl has been a human, an alien, a human again (reincarnated from an ancient egyptian warrior), and a reincarnation of an angel, but she’s never been a bird.

I have an associate professor of English lit in my friends group and he says their whole department has gone back to blue book essay exams, so the problem is not limited to k-12.

No the 70s and 80s were all about blaming poor people for crime. I was a teenager when the ban on leaded gas started happening and I can’t remember anyone ever mentioning the effects of lead as a driver of crime. I do remember discussing it in science class, but it was just starting to be understood at the time that lead exposure could lower your IQ and was around that time that the “no safe levels of lead exposure” was established. Before that it was just one of those things you had to be careful around. It wasn’t until well after the crime rate started to drop so dramatically in the 90s that people went looking for the reasons why

No the lead crime hypothesis started in the 70s as you mention. The difficulty is proving it though. There are several confounding factors that are all tied together, and very strongly correlated with poverty. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6980739/ Early childhood nutrition, early education, extracurricular activities, etc. Blood lead levels go up the poorer you are and especially in the rust belt in the Midwest. In addition the drop in crime is also directly correlated to abortion being legalized by Roe v Wade (with an approximately 20 year lag time). https://law.stanford.edu/publications/the-impact-of-legalized-abortion-on-crime-over-the-last-two-decades/

Lead had been a known toxin since at least the Roman era. When Midgley and Kettering introduced tetraethyl lead as a fuel additive, it was already known to be acutely toxic. The plants that were set up to make TEL had numerous deaths due to lead poisoning. Midgley himself had to be treated for acute lead poisoning after stunts like washing his hands in TEL in front of the press so show how harmless it was. Why then was this known highly toxic substance allowed to be produced? It was deemed crucial for the war effort. It took until the mid 80s for it to be banned. Estimates hover around 7 million tons of lead was released into the atmosphere in the US alone. As an aside, Midgley was also he inventor of the first Cloroflorocarbons (CFCs, including freon) that would go on to create the hole in the ozone layer. He has been dubbed by some as “the single most destructive organism that has ever lived on earth.”